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Ruy Lopez Alapin Defense.

Does anyone know what the main ideas behing the Alapin Defense are? Also, why in some places the line is shown like:

1. e4 e5
2. Nf3 Nc6
3. Bb5 a6
4. Ba4 Bb4

and in other places is shown like:

1. e4 e5
2. Nf3 Nc6
3. Bb5 Bb4

Many thanks in advance.
@MrPushwood said in #2:
> Looks like the main idea is to lose a tempo.

Do you mean black is trying to make white to loose a tempo? I mean white can just castle after 4. ...Bb4
Sorry I do not understand. Thank you for your answer though. Looks like the line is not very popular? I can not find any material around which explains the ideas behind this.

By the way I just discovered the difference in between the 2 lines from my first post. It is just one of those is the Ruy López Alapin Defense and the other one is the Ruy López Alapin Defense Deferred.
@Mario-0 said in #3:
> Do you mean black is trying to make white to loose a tempo? I mean white can just castle after 4. ...Bb4
> Sorry I do not understand.

I think @MrPushwood point is that after 4... Bb4 Black is losing a tempo because White will be able to play c3, forcing the Black dark squared bishop to move again. This would most likely result in only a tempo loss for Black because in the Ruy Lopez the move c3 is usually desirable for White for at least 2 reasons:

1: c3 allows White to play d4 to get a pawn duo in the center (in that scenario, on exd4 by Black, White may reply cxd4 to keep the central pawn duo);
2: c3 allows White light squared bishop to retreat to c2 if Black goes for a6-b5-Na5.
This is the Ruy Lopez. The Alapin goes...

1. e4 c5
2. c3 ..

The Ruy Lopez I despise. we have seen it too much at the top level with 20 move forced variations in my opinion. The goal of the Lopez is to develop a lot and play d4 when the king is castled. This opens the game up. Beware of the Marshall Attack study it if you wish to proceed with this opening as white.

The Scotch opening goes

1. e4 e5
2. Nc3 Nf6
3.d4 exd4
4. Nxd4

This line opens up the board and is very tactical. Aiming Bc4 and targeting the kings weakest square, f7, or Bb5 adds pressure as well. Develop, Castle, and attack. Gary Kasparov used it to win a world title. Good day to you.
@Mario-0 said in #6:
> It does not make any sense then to play this opening or there are other good ideas behind 3.- ... Bb4?

From a completely objective perspective, the move 3... Bb4 seems to be playable. While it's true that the move allows White to play c3 (with all its pros), after that Black will play Ba5 with the main idea that if White goes for d4, Black will play Bb6 at the right moment to put pressure on the White d4 pawn. In order to do that, Black probably will need to go for a setup like Nge7 with the idea to reply to White d4 with exd4 cxd4 d5, in order to prevent White from playing d5 himself and to fix the d4 pawn on that square to apply future pressure on it (probably by playing Bb6). In this scenario, White may decide to react to d5 in two ways:

- Push e5: In this case White will get a space advantage and Black probably will try to challange it by playing f6 at the right moment;
- Exchange with exd5: In this case Black will probably recapture Qxd5 (Nxd5 would probably allow Qa4 with double threat of Bxc6+ - Qxa5 and Bxc6+ bxc6 Qxc6+ with fork to king, rook and knight. Instead Qxd5 defends c6 and Qa4 doesn't work anymore) and in this line Black will try to target White d4 isolated pawn, and even if Black's king is still in the center, Black's bishop on a5 temporarily prevents Re1+ by White;

In my opinion, while this line can be a good surprise and lead to unbalanced positions for a fighting game, the ideas behind 3... Bb4 seem very subtle and I think is significantly easier to go wrong as Black than as White in this 3... Bb4 line. Also fighting against a space advantage is not everybody taste, and tends to be very troublesome for beginners and even for some intermediate players.
@DeadlyWindmill said in #7:
> 1: From a completely objective perspective, the move 3... Bb4 seems to be playable. While it's true that the move allows White to play c3 (with all its pros), after that Black will play Ba5 with the main idea to play Bb6 at the right moment to put pressure on the d4 White pawn. In order to do that, Black probably will need to go for a setup like Nge7 with the idea to reply to White d4 with exd4 cxd4 d5, in order to prevent White from playing d5 himself. In this scenario, White may decide to react to d5 in two ways:
>
> - Push e5: In this case White will get a space advantage and Black probably will try to challange that by playing f6 at the right moment;
> - Exchange with exd5: In this case Black will probably recapture Qxd5 (Nxd5 would probably allow Qa4 with double threat of Bxc6-Qxa5 and Bxc6 bxc6 Qxc6+ with fork to king and rook. Instead Qxd5 defends c6 and Qa4 doesn't work anymore) and in this line Black will try to target White d4 isolated pawn, and even if Black's king is still in the center, Black bishop on a5 prevents Re1+ by White;
>
> 2: I would say that the ideas behind 3... Bb4 to me seem very subtle and I think is significantly easier to go wrong as Black than as White in this 3... Bb4 line. But I think it depends very much on which situation you want to try to play this:
>
> - If you want to play this in a serious

Good explanation!

In this game, the opening and middlegame are interesting. Towards the conclusion of the game there were several serious mistakes.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvYahoXY_RY
Thanks to both of you for the explanation and the links.

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